Children’s feet are constantly growing and developing, and sometimes, that development doesn’t go exactly as planned.

Foot and ankle deformities, whether present at birth (congenital) or developing over time, can affect a child’s ability to walk, run, and play comfortably. Early detection and intervention are crucial to ensuring good foot health and preventing long-term problems, so below, the team at Wayne Foot & Ankle Center will explore some common pediatric foot and ankle deformities and the treatment options available, too.

Common Deformities Kids Might Face

• Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus):
  • What it is: A congenital deformity where the foot is twisted inward and downward, resembling the shape of a golf club.
  • Signs: The foot is turned inward and downward, the calf muscles may be underdeveloped, and the affected foot may be shorter than the other.
  • Treatment: Early intervention is key! Treatment typically begins shortly after birth and often involves:
    • Ponseti Method: A series of gentle manipulations and castings to gradually correct the foot’s position.
    • French Method: Involves daily stretching, strengthening, stimulation, and taping to correct positioning.
    • Bracing: Wearing a special brace to maintain the correction.
    • Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to release tight tendons or reposition bones.

• Flatfoot (Pes Planus):
  • What it is: A condition where the arch of the foot collapses, causing the entire sole to touch the ground. Flexible flatfoot is common in young children and often resolves on its own. Rigid flatfoot, however, is less common, and it may require treatment.
  • Signs: A flattened arch, inward rolling of the ankle (pronation), and sometimes pain in the foot, ankle, or leg.
  • Treatment:
    • Observation: For flexible flatfoot with no symptoms, observation may be all that’s needed.
    • Orthotics: Custom arch supports can provide support and improve foot alignment.
    • Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the foot and leg muscles.
    • Surgery: Rarely needed, usually only for severe, rigid flatfoot.

• Intoeing (Pigeon Toes):
  • What it is: A condition where the feet turn inward when walking. It can be caused by problems in the foot, leg, or hip.
  • Signs: Feet that point inward, tripping or stumbling, and an awkward gait.
  • Treatment:
    • Observation: Many cases of intoeing resolve on their own as the child grows.
    • Stretching Exercises: If the intoeing is due to tight muscles.
    • Bracing or Casting: In some cases, to correct the alignment.
    • Surgery: Rarely needed, usually only for severe cases that don’t improve with other treatments.

• Toe Walking:
  • What it is: Walking on the toes or balls of the feet without the heel touching the ground. Occasional toe walking in toddlers is common, but persistent toe walking after age 2 should be evaluated.
  • Signs: Walking on toes, tight calf muscles, and difficulty standing flat-footed.
  • Treatment:
    • Physical Therapy: Stretching and strengthening exercises.
    • Serial Casting: A series of casts to gradually stretch the calf muscles and encourage heel-to-toe walking.
    • Bracing: Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) can help maintain proper foot position.
    • Surgery: Rarely needed to lengthen tight tendons.

• Metatarsus Adductus:
  • What it is: The front of the foot turns inward.
  • Treatment: Often resolves on its own but may require casting, stretches, or surgery in more extreme cases.

The Importance of Early Intervention

Many pediatric foot and ankle deformities are easier to treat when addressed early in life. Early intervention can:

• Prevent long-term problems and pain.
• Improve foot function and mobility.
• Minimize the need for more invasive treatments later on.
• Promote healthy development and activity.

If you notice any abnormalities in your child’s foot or ankle development, or if they complain of foot pain, don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment with a podiatrist! Early diagnosis and treatment can make a world of difference.

Questions? Concerns? Dr. Lindsey Calligaro at Wayne Foot & Ankle Center is happy to help. Our team has the tools, techniques, and proven expertise to treat your feet. Contact us today to schedule an appointment!